infotechnology

Human Resources

Human resources is the nucleus of other resources. In the triangular relationship among the economic resources, human resources and the environment, it occupies the core of the nexus by virtue of man's being the most potential consumer in the natural ecosystem. Both the economic resources and the altered environment are the bye-products of human civilization. A balance between mobilization of economic resources and generating a sound environment therefore can be struck only when the human resource is adequately developed through perspective education and systematic manpower planning.

Population

According to 2001 census, Manipur has a population of 23,88,634. The sex ratio was 978 females per 1000 males. The valley that is 12% of the total geographical area had 58.84% of the population while the hills (88%) were inhabited by 41.16%. This makes an impaired distribution of population between the hills and the plains having the population densities of 52 persons per sq.km. and 632 persons per sq. km. respectively even though the average density of 107 per sq.km. is much below the all India average. The tribes constitute 31.51% of the total population while the Muslims and the scheduled caste form 7.26% and 0.96% respectively. Religion wise, the Hindu constitute 57% Muslims 7.26% Christians 34.11 and other viz. Sikhs, Jains, Budhists etc. 1.63%. The average household size varies between 6.09 in the rural and 6.29 in the urban areas.

The district-wise population (Provisional Results - 2001 Census)

Sl. No.	State/Districts	Total Population			Sex ratio (females per 1000 males)	Density (per sq.km.)	Decadal growth in P.C. (1991-2001)
Sl. No.	State/Districts	Persons	Males	Females	Sex ratio (females per 1000 males)	Density (per sq.km.)	Decadal growth in P.C. (1991-2001)
1.	Manipur	2,388,634	1,207,338	1,181,296	978	107	30.02
2.	Senapati	3,79,214	196,646	1,82,568	928	116	81.96
3.	Tamenglong	1,11,493	57,994	53,499	922	25	29.23
4.	Churachandpur	2,28,707	114,740	113,967	993	50	29.81
5.	Bishnupur	2,05,907	102,772	103,135	1,004	415	13.90
6.	Thoubal	3,66,341	183,338	183,003	998	713	24.62
7.	Imphal West	4,39,780	218,947	220,585	1,007	847	15.42
8.	Imphal East	3,93,780	197,710	196,070	992	555	19.16
9.	Ukhrul	1,40,946	73,413	67,533	920	31	28.98
10.	Chandel	1,22,714	61,778	60,936	986	37	72.80

Education

The origin of the organized education in the state dates back to 1903 when Rev. W. Pettigrew, a British educationist and philanthropist became the first honorary inspector of schools under the Education Department of Assam. Prior to 1950, there was no education department in the state as such. In the year 1951-52, a new set up in the general administration of Manipur came into existence. The matter of educational activities was in the hands of the Territorial Council of manipur till 1960. A full fledged education department came along with the attainment of state hood and since then considerable progress has been underway. Besides, numerous missionary schools, other private run schools have augmented the progress of education and literacy in the state in the recent years. The commencement of numerous technical colleges and the Manipur University has enhanced the higher education to a great extend.

Number of Recognised Educational Institutions

Sl. No.	Year/State/ Districts	Pre-primary/ Primary/JB/ UJBSchools	Middle/ Jr.High/ Sr.Basic Schools	High /Higher Secondary Schools	School for Professional & Other Education	College for General Education	College for Professional & Other Education	Universities	All Institutions
1.	1997-98	2,548	611	576	3,188	51	37	2	7,008
2.	1998-99	2,572	631	582	3,188	50	40	2	7,065
3.	Senapati	377	90	51	255	3	5	*	781
4.	Tamenglong	216	43	22	302	1	1	*	585
5.	Churachandpur	266	78	78	432	3	1	*	858
6.	Chandel	205	33	18	243	2	*	*	501
7.	Imphal East & West	742	217	231	731	25	26	2	1,974
8.	Bishnupur	215	52	50	337	8	3	*	665
9.	Thoubal	327	72	92	475	7	3	*	976
10.	Ukhrul	224	46	40	413	1	1	*	725

* Nil

Source: Directorate of Education (S), Govt. of Manipur

Directorate of Education (U), Govt. of Manipur

Manipur University, Canchipur

Central Agricultural University, Iroisemba

Literates and Literacy rates by Districts of Manipur (Provisional Results - 2001 Census)

Sl. No.	State/Districts	Number of literates ^@			Literacy rate^%
Sl. No.	State/Districts	Persons	Males	Females	Persons	Males	Females
1.	Manipur	14,29,656	8,15,944	6,13,712	68.87	77.87	59.70
2.	Senapati	1,71,100	99,583	71,517	50.47	56.39	44.04
3.	Tamenglong	56,269	33,640	22,629	58.46	67.04	49.11
4.	Churachandpur	1,48,829	84,537	64,292	74.67	84.98	64.40
5.	Bishnupur	1,27,667	72,751	54,916	71.59	82.25	61.09
6.	Thoubal	2,08,464	1,23,372	85,092	67.90	80.50	55.34
7.	Imphal West	3,12,125	1,71,350	1,40,775	80.61	89.40	72.24
8.	Imphal East	2,60,573	1,47,617	1,12,956	76.38	86.44	66.30
9.	Ukhrul	83.284	47,625	35,659	68.96	75.40	61.91
10.	Chandel	61,345	35,469	25,876	57.38	66.12	48.57

^@ Literates exclude children in the age group 0-6 years who were by definition treated as illiterate in the Census of India, 2001.

^% Literacy rate is the percentage of literate to population aged 7 years and above.

Source: Directorate of Census Operations, Manipur

Manpower Potential

Workers and Non-Workers in Rural and Urban areas of Manipur

Sl. No.	Year/District	Main Workers			Marginal workers			Non-workers			Total
Sl. No.	Year/District	Rural	Urban	Total	Rural	Urban	Total	Rural	Urban	Total	Rural	Urban	Total
1.	1981	4,53,210	1,20,129	5,73,339	27,250	13,219	40,469	5,65,033	2,42,112	8,07,145	10,45,493	3,75,460	14,20,953
2.	1991	5,55,727	1,52,556	7,08,283	46,343	20,278	66,621	7,29,434	3,32,811	10,62,245	13,31,504	5,05,645	18,37,149
3.	Senapati	1,04,681	*	1,04,681	3,439	*	3,439	1,00,286	*	1,00,286	2,08,406	*	2,08,406
4.	Tamenglong	39,210	*	39,210	494	*	495	46,574	*	46,574	86,278	*	86,278
5.	Churachandpur	65,323	9,576	74,899	2,408	344	2,752	74,787	23,746	98,533	1,42,518	33,666	1,76,184
6.	Chandel	30,998	3,303	34,301	2,421	601	3,022	27,922	5,769	33,691	61,341	9,673	71,014
7.	Imphal West	60,978	61,736	1,22,714	3,445	4,437	7,882	1,00,512	1,49,693	2,50,205	1,64,935	2,15,866	3,80,801
8.	Imphal East	88,088	18,649	1,06,737	10,968	1,051	12,019	1,55,588	56,116	2,11,704	2,54,644	75,816	3,30,46
9.	Bishnupur	45,969	23,145	69,114	6,623	4,455	11,078	65,011	35,570	1,00,581	1,17,603	63,170	1,80,773
10.	Thoubal	71,547	36,147	1,07,694	15,157	9,390	24,547	99,800	61,917	1,61,717	1,86,504	1,07,354	2,93,958
11.	Ukhrul	48,933	*	48,933	1,388	*	1,388	58,954	*	58,954	1,09,275	*	1,09,275

Source: Office of the Registrar General of India

Employment

Registration, vacancies notified and placements as on 31st March of the year

Sl. No.	Year/District/Ext.	Employment Exchange including sub-exchange	Regist- ration	Vacancies notified	Place- ments	Vacancies outstanding	Submission made	No. of Registrants on live register	Employers using Exchange
1.	1998	13	31,007	642	429	2,466	17,103	3,22,253	126
2.	1999	15	37,861	1,108	162	334	51,327	3,54,269	85
3.	2000	15	35,760	2,083	69	954	74,609	3,87,890	82
4.	Imphal East	2	10,748	6	3	*	51,327	3,87,890	*
5.	Imphal West	1	10,437	2,083	23	954	26,221	1,62,740	82
6.	Thoubal	1	4,720	*	22	*	14,182	57,697	*
7.	Bishnupur	1	2,499	*	13	*	6,428	38,793	*
8.	Churachandpur	1	3,027	*	4	*	4,152	35,309	*
9.	Chandel	2	828	*	*	*	1,080	13,942	*
10.	Ukhrul	1	947	*	3	*	1,068	15,514	*
11.	Senapati	3	1,019	*	*	*	1,383	23,145	*
12.	Tamenglong	1	1,195	*	*	*	1,185	10,415	*
13.	SPL. Emp. Exch. for P.H. Cell Imphal	1	116	15	1	*	195	1,602	*
14.	U.E.I & G.B. Canchipur	1	224	*	*	*	733	1,681	*

* Not Available

Source: Directorate of Employment and Training, Govt. of Manipur, Lamphel

Manpower planning

The foregoing features indicate a rich manpower resource in the state and a fairly large crisis of unemployment. A stringent manpower planning exercise is highly called for in the state before the crisis aggravates. At present, many of the basic features of manpower planning have been ushered in the state. But the desired effect is still remote since the conceptulisation, execution, co-ordination etc. on the part of the management authorities and the state's management of economic resource and development works are put to a chronic pattern of ad-hocism. There are 3-town employment exchanges, one exchange each for all the district headquarters, and a special exchange for handicapped persons in the state. One self Employment Promotion Cell, one University Employment Information and Guidance Bureau and one State Vocational Guidance Unit etc. have also been established in the state. A separate directorate for manpower planning and management has also been recently installed. Besides, there are Labour Organizations, Labour Departments, Labour Welfare Schemes, Legal Aid to Labours etc. in the state. For generating skilled workers and self-employment, six of its have been located in the state. But, the institute at Imphal is the lone efficient producer of trained personnel. Therefore, updating of the efficiency of all these different organs of manpower planning and their co-ordination need immediate attention.

Literacy rate%

Literacy rate^%